Explain Working Of Zener Diode

The Zener diode is a highly specialized semiconductor device that has a unique function in electronic circuits. It is primarily designed to provide a stable voltage reference or voltage regulation in electronic circuits. The working principle of a Zener diode is based on the concept of the Zener breakdown, which occurs when the reverse voltage applied to the diode exceeds a specific value called the Zener voltage. When this breakdown occurs, the Zener diode starts conducting in the reverse direction, allowing a controlled amount of current to flow through it. The Zener diode is commonly used as a voltage regulator or voltage reference in various applications. Its ability to maintain a constant voltage across itself, even when the input voltage fluctuates, makes it ideal for regulating power supplies, protecting sensitive electronic components from voltage spikes, and generating stable reference voltages. Overall, the Zener diode plays a crucial role in providing voltage regulation and stability in electronic circuits, ensuring the reliability and performance of various electronic devices.