Explain The Operation Of Zener Diode

The Zener diode is a highly versatile semiconductor device that plays a crucial role in regulating voltage levels in electronic circuits. It operates in the reverse-bias mode, meaning that it requires a higher voltage at its cathode terminal compared to its anode terminal. The unique characteristic of the Zener diode is its ability to maintain a constant voltage across its terminals, even as the current flowing through it changes. When the diode is reverse-biased with a voltage greater than its breakdown voltage, it begins to conduct current. The breakdown voltage, also known as the Zener voltage, is a specific value that determines the diode's operating range. Once the Zener voltage is reached, the diode starts to regulate the current, ensuring that the voltage across its terminals does not exceed the breakdown voltage. This regulation property makes the Zener diode ideal for a variety of applications, such as voltage stabilization, voltage reference, and surge protection. It has found extensive use in electronic devices like power supplies, voltage regulators, and signal clippers. Overall, the Zener diode is an indispensable component in the field of electronics, providing precision voltage regulation and protection for a wide range of applications.